Other systems of romanization of Japanese

Apart from the three most well-known systems, the Hepburn, Kunrei and Nippon-shiki (see What is Nippon-shiki romanization?) systems, many other romanization systems for Japanese also exist.

The Nippo Jisho romanization

The dictionary now called the Nippo jisho (日葡辞書), originally published under the title "Vocabvlario da lingoa de Iapam", was a dictionary from Japanese into Portuguese published in 1603 by Portuguese missionaries.^[1]

The following table shows the romanization of Japanese used in the Nippo jisho. Question marks indicate where the romanization is not clear.

	A	I	U	E	O	Yōon ^[1]
	a	i	v	ye	vo
	あ	い	う	ゑ	を
K	ca	qui	qu	que	co	?	?	?
K	か	き	く	け	こ	きゃ	きゅ	きょ
S	sa	xi	su	xe	so	xa	xu	xo
S	さ	し	す	せ	そ	しゃ	しゅ	しょ
T	ta	chi	tçu	te	to	cha	chu	cho
T	た	ち	つ	て	と	ちゃ	ちゅ	ちょ
N	na	ni	nu	ne	no	nha	nhu	nho
N	な	に	ぬ	ね	の	にゃ	にゅ	にょ
H	fa	fi	fu	fe	fo	?	?	?
H	は	ひ	ふ	へ	ほ	ひゃ	ひゅ	ひょ
M	ma	mi	mu	me	mo	?	?	?
M	ま	み	む	め	も	みゃ	みゅ	みょ
Y	ya	y	yu	ye	yo
Y	や	ゐ	ゆ	え	よ
R	ra	ri	ru	re	ro	?	?	?
R	ら	り	る	れ	ろ	りゃ	りゅ	りょ
W	va	i	v	ye	vo
W	わ	い	う	ゑ	を
N
N	ん

JSL

JSL is the romanization system used in the textbook series "Japanese: the Spoken Language" by Eleanor Harz Jorden. It is based on the format of Kunrei-shiki romanization (see What is Kunrei or Kunrei-shiki romanization?), with the difference that long vowels are written using doubled vowels, such as "oo" or "uu", rather than macrons or circumflexes, and the addition of information on pitch accent (see What is Japanese pitch accent?) using acute, grave and circumflex marks. JSL romanization is intended for language teaching and study.

99 shiki

99 shiki (99式) (kyūkyūshiki), created by The Society for the Romanization of the Japanese Alphabet (Shadan Hōjin Nihon Rōmaji Kai (社団法人日本ローマ字会) is a form of romanization developed from the view of romaji as a means of transliteration rather than as a strict orthography. As such it allows romanization of variant kana forms which do not currently have a romanized form. It uses neither circumflexes nor macrons.^[2] See also What kana do not have romanized forms?

Notes

See What is yōon?

References

邦訳- 日葡辞書 (Hōyaku nippo jisho) Published by Iwanami Shoten; 1980
The Society for the Romanization of the Japanese Alphabet: ９９式ローマ字つづり (in Japanese)

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